Tuesday, May 26, 2015

How to Produce Organic Rabbits

Organic rabbits are small animals that are fed with natural grown and organic plants, vegetables, grass and herbs without using any chemical pesticides and fertilizers. The animals are not injected with any growth hormones and are kept in clean cages. Medicinal herbs and plants are used to prevent and cure the diseases of organic rabbits.



Organic Rabbit Farming Practices


To produce organic rabbits, one must implement the following rabbit raising practices:

1. The rabbit cages must be elevated at least twelve inches (12”) from the ground and between cages from the lower cage and upper cage. The cage setup protects the rabbits from soil and ground surface water contamination.

2. The plants, vegetables, grass and herbs must be grown on containers using organic fertilizers and pesticides. The plants growing on containers will prevent or minimize soil and ground surface water contamination. Big containers can be used to plant small trees that produce leaves to be fed to rabbits. For example, organic swamp cabbage or water spinach (ipomoea aquatica) can be grown in big plastic barrels (55-gallon barrel cut into two, lengthwise) with unchlorinated water and produce stems and leaves every 30 days. Organic carrots and sweet potato leaves can be planted in 5-gallon containers. Madre de agua (trichanthera) can be planted in big plastic containers and will grow organic leaves for several years. Wheat grass and bermuda grass can be planted in large boxes and cut the grass every 30 days to be fed to rabbits.

3. The fresh manure of organic rabbits must be used in fertilizing all plants, vegetables, grass and herbs. The fresh rabbit manure can be immediately sprinkled beside the plants without “burning” the plants. Another alternative is to put the fresh rabbit manure to your earthworm composting bins and the resulting vermicast (earthworms' poops) will be used as natural fertilizers. To produce vermicast tea, you can brew the vermicast in water for 3 days and use the brew in spraying the plants, vegetables, grass and herbs for vigorous growth and protection from harmful pests.

4. You must feed to your rabbits some organically grown medicinal herbs such as oregano, peppermint, spearmint, basil, lemon grass, rosemary, lagundi (vitex negundo) and others to prevent and cure some rabbit's diseases. For example, oregano and lagundi leaves are given to rabbits with runny nose.

5. Water must be mix with concocted indigenous microorganisms (IMO) to serve as probiotics to prevent diseases and pathogens. The water and IMO mixture will improve appetite and feed conversion ratio of rabbits. The mixture will eliminate the foul odor of slaughtered rabbit's internal organs when regularly mixed with the drinking water.

6. To avoid flies and diseases, the rabbit hutches, cages and surroundings must be thoroughly cleaned. Regular cleaning will avoid the build up of ammonia, thus eliminating respiratory problems for the rabbits. Use natural cleaning materials and avoid chemical cleaners and detergents.


Produce at Supermarkets

The vegetables and fruits sold at supermarkets contained residual chemical fertilizers and pesticides, except those labeled organic. Such produce must not be given to your rabbits because of toxins and chemicals.

Thursday, May 21, 2015

List of Rabbit Breeds Weighing More Than 5 Pounds (2.3 Kilos)

The different rabbit breeds shown below are those recognized by the American Rabbit Breeders Association, Inc. (ARBA) with headquarters at 8 Westport Court, Bloomington, Illinois 61704, USA.



The rabbits are shown from the heaviest to the lightest variety weighing more than 5 pounds (2.3 kilos). The large rabbits are good to raise for meat production. When large rabbits are slaughtered, the edible portion of the carcass (excluding the internal organs, furs, heads, feet, and tails) will weigh about 55% of live weight. For example: if the live weight of New Zealand White rabbit is 6 pounds (2.7 kilos), the net weight of the carcass is about 3.3 pounds (1.5 kilos).

Rabbit Breed
Image
Approximate Size
Fur Type /
Ear Type
Color(s)
Pounds
Kilos
Flemish Giant
14 – 25
6.4 – 11.3
Tall /
Upright
Steel, Light Grey, Sandy, Fawn, White, Black, Blue
Checkered Giant
11 – 12
5.0 – 5.4
Short /
Upright
White with black markings
Giant Papillon
11 – 12
5.0 – 5.4
Short /
Upright
White with black markings
Silver Fox
11 – 12
5.0 – 5.4
Short /
Upright

Cinnamon
10 – 11
4.5 – 5.0
Short /
Upright
Cinnamon
English Lop
10 – 11
4.5 – 5.0
Short /
Lop
Many
Palomino
10 – 11
4.5 – 5.0
Short /
Upright
Lynx, Golden
French Lop
10
4.5
Short /
Lop
Many
Giant Angora
10
4.5
Long /
Upright

Silver Marten
9.5
4.3
Short /
Upright

American Albino
9 - 12
4.1 – 5.4
Short /
Upright
White

American Blue
9 – 12
4.1 – 5.4
Short /
Upright
Blue
American Sable
9 – 12
4.1 – 5.4
Short /
Upright
Sable
Chinchilla (American)
9 – 12
4.1 – 5.4
Short /
Upright
Chinchilla
New Zealand
9 – 12
4.1 – 5.4
Short /
Upright
White with red eyes, Red, Black, Broken
Californian
9 – 10
4.1 – 4.5
Short /
Upright
White with Chocolate, Lilac or Blue points, red eyes
Rhinelander
9 – 10
4.1 – 4.5
Short /
Upright
White with colored butterfly patterns
Blanc de Hotot
8 – 11
3.6 – 5.0
Short /
Upright
White, dark rings around eyes
Argente de Champagne
8 – 10
3.6 – 4.5
Short /
Upright
Silver
French Angora
7 – 10
3.2 – 4.5
Long /
Upright
Many
Rex (Standard)
6 – 10
2.7 – 4.5
Rex /
Upright
Many
Harlequin
6 – 9
2.7 – 4.1
Upright
2 colors in fur i.e. part black part orange
Satin Angora
6 – 9
2.7 – 4.1
Long /
Upright

Himalayan
6 – 8
2.7 – 3.6
Short /
Upright
White with black, chocolate, lilac or blue points
Satin
6 – 8
2.7 – 3.6
Short /
Upright
All self colors, very shiny fur
Argente Crème
6
2.7
Short /
Upright
Cream
Thrianta
6
2.7
Short /
Upright
Chestnut

Sources: Images and some texts from Wikipedia.org under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; Argente Crème rabbit image courtesy of livestockconservancy.org; Cinnamon image courtesy of Photo © Animal-World: Courtesy: Jeannie Larson; and Thrianta rabbit image courtesy of differentbreedsofrabbit.weebly.com.




Wednesday, May 20, 2015

Organic Sweet Potato Leaves for Your Rabbits

Pellets, timothy hay, certain vegetables and fruits are given to rabbits for their diet and nutrition. You can give some fresh sweet potato leaves, that contain a lot of nutrients, vitamins and minerals, to your rabbits. Sweet potato leaves are eaten in other countries such as South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. They are also given as supplement feeds to some animals like pigs, ducks, chickens, goats and cows.

Sweet potato leaves
and flower
Sweet potato leaves
growing abundantly
A row of sweet potato
planted in plots


The chart belows shows the valuable nutrients that you can find in sweet potato leaves.

Nutrient
Unit
Value per
100 grams
1 Cup, chopped
35 grams
PROXIMATES
Water
g
86.81
30.38
Energy
kcal
42
15
Protein
g
2.49
0.87
Total lipid (fat)
g
0.51
0.18
Carbohydrate, by difference
g
8.82
3.09
Fiber, total dietary
g
5.3
1.9
MINERALS
Calcium, Ca
mg
78
27
Iron, Fe
mg
0.97
0.34
Magnesium, Mg
mg
70
24
Phosphorus, P
mg
81
28
Potassium, K
mg
508
178
Sodium, Na
mg
6
2
VITAMINS
Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid
mg
11.0
3.8
Thiamine
mg
0.156
0.055
Riboflavin
mg
0.345
0.121
Niacin
mg
1.130
0.395
Vitamin B-6
mg
0.190
0.066
Folate, DFE
µg
1
0
Vitamin B-12
µg
0.00
0.00
Vitamin A, RAE
µg
189
66
Vitamin A, IU
IU
3778
1322
Vitamin D (D2 + D3)
µg
0.0
0.0
Vitamin D
IU
0
0
Vitamin K (phylloquinone)
µg
302.2
105.8
LIPIDS
Fatty acids, total saturated
g
0.111
0.039
Fatty acids, total monounsaturated
g
0.020
0.007
Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated
g
0.228
0.080
Cholesterol
mg
0
0

Source: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service,
National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 27


A rabbit's diet comprises three main sources of energy: (1) carbohydrates, (2) proteins, and (3) fats. Carbohydrates provide the kind of energy needed to activate the rabbit muscles. Proteins work to build and restore rabbit body tissues.

Sweet potato leaves contain some dietary fiber and water. Dietary fiber is part of vegetables, fruits, and grains that contain cellulose and is not digested by the rabbit's body. The main effects of dietary fiber are to (1) increase the bulk of the rabbit's stool; (2) make the stool softer by taking up water as it passes through the colon; and (3) absorb the wastes and toxins and carry them out of the intestinal tract. The increase in stool bulk hastens the passage of feces and may reduce the period of time the intestinal wall is exposed to toxic substances. The dietary fiber helps the rabbit's intestines to function properly by stimulating the muscles of the intestinal walls.

Calcium in sweet potato leaves helps in the normal growth and development of rabbits.




Magnesium in sweet potato leaves is an essential mineral needed for the rabbit's bone and tooth formation, nerve conduction and muscle contraction. It may help in treating some rabbit health problems such as anxiety, asthma, cardiovascular, and hyperactivity.

Herbivores, like rabbits, need a lot of potassium. Rabbits require a high content of potassium for their body cells and muscle tissues formation. A proper balance between potassium, calcium and sodium in the rabbits' plasma must be maintained at all times for proper cardiac function.

Vitamin C in sweet potato leaves is a water-soluble vitamin that (1) promotes the growth, formation and maintenance of rabbits' bones and teeth; (2) repairs body tissues and blood vessels; and (3) increases resistance to infections and respiratory problems.

Niacin is also a water-soluble vitamin that is needed by rabbits for the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and maintenance of the nervous system. Lack of sufficient niacin in the diet of rabbits may result to muscular weakness, general fatigue, loss of appetite, insomnia, irritability and vomiting.

Vitamin A found in sweet potato leaves is essential for rabbits' skeletal growth, reproduction and visual acuity. Deficiency of vitamin A in rabbits leads to night blindness, lessens resistance to infection of mucous membranes, and results to loss of body hair.

How to Grow Organic Sweet Potato Leaves for Rabbits

Materials Needed
  1. One plastic pail with at least 6 inches diameter and 12 inches high
  2. 10 sweet potato vines with leaves. You can buy a bundle of sweet potato leaves from any Asian store.
  3. Organic liquid fertilizer. If you can not find organic liquid fertilizer, you can buy organic non-liquid fertilizer from any agricultural store, crush the fertilizer very finely, mix the powdered fertilizer with water, and store the mixture in a dark-colored glass container.

Procedures
  1. Fill up the pail with non-chlorinated water up to 4 inches high. If you use tap water, leave the water first in the pail for at least 12 hours to make the chlorine evaporate.
  2. Remove all the leaves from the sweet potato vines. You can give the leaves to your rabbits.
  3. Submerge the bottom part of the sweet potato vines on the water inside the pail.
  4. Wait for about 10 to 15 days to see if small leaves are already sprouting.
  5. Add one-half (½) teaspoon of organic liquid fertilizer on the water inside the pail.
  6. Add more one-half (½) teaspoon of organic liquid fertilizer on the water inside the pail every month or as needed to sustain the growth of sweet potato leaves.
  7. Harvest the sweet potato leaves using a scissor when they are more than 3 inches long.
  8. Give the harvested sweet potato leaves to your rabbits for their diet.




For commercial rabbit production, you can use several 55-gallon blue drums and cut it lengthwise into two using a metal cutter or saw. Then, follow the following steps:

  1. Clean the drums thoroughly to remove some chemicals.
  2. Use plastic board or styrofoam and make several three-fourth (¾) inch diameter holes where you can insert the sweet potato vines without leaves.
  3. Place the plastic board or styrofoam on the drum.
  4. Put non-chlorinated water on the drum up to the bottom of the plastic board or styrofoam.
  5. Insert the sweet potato vines or slips on each hole of the plastic board or styrofoam.
  6. Wait for about 10 to 15 days to see if small leaves are already sprouting.
  7. Add one cup of organic liquid fertilizer on the water inside the drum.
  8. Add more cups of organic liquid fertilizer on the water inside the drum every month or as needed to sustain the growth of sweet potato leaves.

You can plant sweet potato leaves in your garden provided you use organic fertilizer. However, there will be problems if there are chemical pesticides and fertilizer residues on the soil that will be pick up by your sweet potato leaves through their roots. If you give the contaminated sweet potato leaves to your rabbits, the chemical pesticides and fertilizer residues will be in the carcass of the slaughtered rabbits.

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Source: Images from Wikipedia.org under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License

Monday, May 18, 2015

Why Rabbit's White Meat is Good for Everyone

We hear or know that there are dark (or red) meats and white meats.

Some animals have dark (or red) meats because more myoglobin, which is very rich in pigmented protein, are stored in the animals' muscles and cells. The muscles provide consistent energy for long period of activity such as standing, walking or jumping especially those animals pastured in open areas. The more myoglobin there is in the animals' muscles and cells, the darker or redder the meat. Examples of dark (or red) meats are: all beef, all ducks, all lamb, some chickens and some turkeys.



Some animals have white meats because their muscles and cells contain less pigmented myoglobin protein. These animals are kept in cages, thus their movements are restricted. They can not stand, walk or jump for a long period of time. Examples of white meats are: all domesticated rabbit, all pork, some chickens and some turkeys.

Nutrition Comparison of White and Dark (Red) Meats


Rabbit meat
Beef meat
Turkey meat
Duck meat
Chicken meat


The chart below presents the nutrition values of 100 grams of white rabbit meat, white and dark chicken meats, white pork meat, dark beef meat, white and dark turkey meats, and dark duck meat.

R-WM-Rabbit White Meat; C-WM-Chicken White Meat; C-DM-Chicken Dark Meat, P-WM-Pork White Meat; B-DM-Beef Dark Meat; T-WM-Turkey White Meat; T-DM-Turkey Dark Meat; D-DM–Duck Dark Meat
Nutrients
Unit
R-WM
100 grams
(1)
C-WM
100 grams
(2)
C-DM
100 grams
(3)
P-WM
100 grams
(4)
PROXIMATES
Water
g
72.82
68.60
75.99
56.87
Energy
kcal
136
186
125
304
Protein
g
20.05
20.27
20.08
15.03
Total lipid (fat)
g
5.55
11.07
4.31
26.54
Carbohydrate, by difference
g
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Fiber, total dietary
g
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
MINERALS
Calcium, Ca
mg
13
11
12
315
Iron, Fe
mg
1.57
0.79
1.03
4.25
Magnesium, Mg
mg
19
23
23
16
Phosphorus, P
mg
213
163
162
200
Potassium, K
mg
330
204
222
298
Sodium, Na
mg
41
65
85
50
Zinc, Zn
mg
1.57
0.93
2.00
2.44
VITAMINS
Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid
mg
0.0
0.0
3.1
0.7
Thiamine
mg
0.100
0.059
0.077
0.697
Riboflavin
mg
0.150
0.086
0.184
0.201
Niacin
mg
7.270
8.908
6.246
3.171
Vitamin B-6
mg
0.500
0.480
0.330
0.370
Folate, DFE
µg
8
4
10
3
Vitamin B-12
µg
7.16
0.34
0.36
0.58
Vitamin A, RAE
µg
0
30
22
3
Vitamin A, IU
IU
0
99
72
10
LIPIDS
Fatty acids, total saturated
g
1.660
3.160
1.100
9.820
Fatty acids, total monounsaturated
g
1.500
4.520
1.340
12.260
Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated
g
1.080
2.340
1.070
2.440
Cholesterol
mg
57
67
80
77
Nutrients
Unit
R-WM
100 grams
(1)
C-WM
100 grams
(2)
C-DM
100 grams
(3)
P-WM
100 grams
(4)




R-WM-Rabbit White Meat; C-WM-Chicken White Meat; C-DM-Chicken Dark Meat, P-WM-Pork White Meat; B-DM-Beef Dark Meat; T-WM-Turkey White Meat; T-DM-Turkey Dark Meat; D-DM–Duck Dark Meat
Nutrients
Unit
B-DM
100 grams
(5)
T-WM
100 grams
(6)
T-DM
100 grams
(7)
D-DM
100 grams
(8)
PROXIMATES
Water
g
59.39
70.68
71.10
48.50
Energy
kcal
276
161
161
404
Protein
g
14.97
21.96
19.81
11.49
Total lipid (fat)
g
23.52
7.43
8.97
39.34
Carbohydrate, by difference
g
0.00
0.13
0.13
0.00
Fiber, total dietary
g
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
MINERALS
Calcium, Ca
mg
485
11
11
11
Iron, Fe
mg
5.67
0.75
1.00
2.40
Magnesium, Mg
mg
17
25
22
15
Phosphorus, P
mg
324
188
166
139
Potassium, K
mg
277
223
208
209
Sodium, Na
mg
57
105
113
63
Zinc, Zn
mg
3.58
1.25
2.32
1.36
VITAMINS
Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid
mg
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.8
Thiamine
mg
0.020
0.038
0.055
0.197
Riboflavin
mg
0.033
0.139
0.229
0.210
Niacin
mg
0.722
8.968
5.378
3.934
Vitamin B-6
mg
0.082
0.711
0.391
0.190
Folate, DFE
µg
1
7
6
13
Vitamin B-12
µg
0.73
0.67
1.84
0.25
Vitamin A, RAE
µg
0
19
26
50
Vitamin A, IU
IU
0
62
86
168
LIPIDS
Fatty acids, total saturated
g
11.780
1.899
2.413
13.220
Fatty acids, total monounsaturated
g
8.440
2.431
3.091
18.690
Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated
g
0.760
1.952
2.443
5.080
Cholesterol
mg
209
67
87
76
Nutrients
Unit
B-DM
100 grams
(5)
T-WM
100 grams
(6)
T-DM
100 grams
(7)
D-DM
100 grams
(8)
R-WM-Rabbit White Meat; C-WM-Chicken White Meat; C-DM-Chicken Dark Meat, P-WM-Pork White Meat; B-DM-Beef Dark Meat; T-WM-Turkey White Meat; T-DM-Turkey Dark Meat; D-DM–Duck Dark Meat
(1) Rabbit domesticated, composite of cuts, raw
(2) Chicken, broilers or fryers, light meat, meat and skin, raw
(3) Chicken, broilers or fryers, dark meat, meat only, raw
(4) Pork, fresh, variety meats and by-products, mechanically separated, raw
(5) Beef, variety meats and by-products, mechanically separated beef, raw
(6) Turkey from whole, light meat, meat and skin, raw
(7) Turkey, dark meat, meat and skin, raw
(8) Duck, domesticated, meat and skin, raw
Source:  United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 27



Go for Rabbit's White Meat and Avoid Dark (Red) Meat


People are encouraged to eat white meats, instead of dark (red) meats, to minimize exposure to health problems. Rabbit's white meat is good for your body and health because it is rich in protein, phosphorus, potassium, thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12. It is low in total lipids (fat), sodium, fatty acids (total saturated) and cholesterol.

Some medical studies found that regular consumption of dark (red) meats is hazardous to one's health. Eating a lot of dark (red) meats results to increased risk of heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol and triglycerides, diabetes, colon cancer, bowel cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, obesity and other diseases.
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Source: Images and some text from Wikipedia.org under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License